All articles involving human participants must be conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the World Medical Association and adhere to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

For studies involving animal experimentation or clinical trials (including patients, patient materials, or medical data), approval from a national, regional, or institutional Ethics Committee responsible for animal or human research is required. If ethical approval is not obtained, authors must provide a justification explaining how the study aligns with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Additionally, a statement must be included confirming that all experiments were conducted with the prior informed consent of the participants.

The approval of the ethics committee and the informed consents must be mentioned in the “Methods” section of the article.